The Archives and Special Collections Department contains manuscripts, rare books, and other unique historical materials documenting the history of Mississippi State University, Mississippi, the South, and beyond. These materials are preserved and organized for the use of students, faculty and other researchers, and include correspondence; photographs; films; audio recordings; personal, family and business records; architectural drawings; maps; newspapers; literary manuscripts; artifacts and memorabilia; and MSU publications and records.

Portions of the collection have been photographed and are accessible through Digital Collections.